Every figure, table, and reference must have a callout in the text. References must be sequentially numbered in the order that they appear the first time in the text. No footnotes are allowed in the text; please incorporate footnotes as references. If you reproduce or adapt previously published tables, figures, illustrations, orIn-text citation. An in-text citation is a reference made within the body of text of an academic essay. Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your bibliography or reference list. Examples of in-text ...• formatting manuscript references to electronic resources and informa-tion on reference-management software; and • markup languages, in anticipation of the classification and capture of sci-entific information in yet-to-be-defined structures. The chapters on peer review, copyright, the editorial process, and writing When using the ACS Referencing Style, you may cite references within the text of your document in one of three ways: By author name and year of publication in parentheses. .... shown by the evidence (Black, 1997). If there are two authors, join them with the word "and" e.g. (Smith and Green, 1996).Aug 31, 2022 · There are two basic approaches to citation: In-text citations + a list of references at the end of the paper. Endnotes or footnotes +/- a bibliography at the end of the paper. Scholars writing in the sciences and social sciences typically use in-text citations, while humanities scholars utilize endnotes/footnotes. plan used, summarize the principal findings, and point out major conclusions. Do not cite references, tables, figures, or sections of the report. Do not include equations, schemes, or structures. Write the abstract last to be sure that it accurately reflects the content of the paper.” (The ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors, 2 nd Jul 27, 2022 · The ACS style is used in the field of chemistry. GENERAL GUIDELINES. IN-TEXT CITATIONS. Sources should be cited in-text in one of three ways: 1. By number. Assign sources numbers consecutively as they are used in your paper. The number should be italicized and enclosed in parenthesis before the period. If citing a source more than once in your ... 1. By superscript numbers, which appear outside the punctuation if the citation applies to a whole sentence or clause. Oscillation in the reaction of benzaldehyde with oxygen was reported previously.3. 2. By italic numbers in parentheses on the line of text and inside the punctuation. The mineralization of TCE by a pure culture of a methane ...In-text citation. An in-text citation is a reference made within the body of text of an academic essay. Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your bibliography or reference list. Examples of in-text ...Jun 14, 2023 · How to cite in ACS style. 1. In-Text Citations. Use an in-text citation to acknowledge that you are quoting or paraphrasing another author's words, ideas or data in the text of your research paper. Choose one of the following methods for citing references in-text: Add a superscript number at the end of the text being cited Jul 26, 2023 · CSE Citation-Name Style. CSE has three citation styles, in CSE Citation-Name references are listed alphabetically and then numbered in your reference list. When citing references in the text of your project or paper you will refer to them by number. Use the appropriate reference number in superscript after the information you are citing. Mar 15, 2023 · ACS: Citation Guide. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information. Get call number of print edition. Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) In ACS citations, journal titles are abbreviated. Use CASSI to find the correct abbreviation for journal titles. Every figure, table, and reference must have a callout in the text. References must be sequentially numbered in the order that they appear the first time in the text. No footnotes are allowed in the text; please incorporate footnotes as references. If you reproduce or adapt previously published tables, figures, illustrations, orHere are 5 reasons why you are going to love the BibGuru ACS citation maker: 🚀 Fast. 😌 No flood of distracting ads. 👌 Simple and intuitive interface. 🎓 ACS, APA, MLA, Chicago and thousands of other citation styles. 🥇 Most accurate citation data. With BibGuru we have made a citation tool that truly helps students to focus on the ...if it ends in an exclamation point or a question mark. What goes in a standard in-text citation? page number. author's last name. exceptions to in-text citations. If there is more than one author. If there is a corporate or organizational author. If the citation is on more than one page.Jun 24, 2022 · There are three main approaches: Parenthetical citations: You include identifying details of the source in parentheses in the text—usually the author’s last name and the publication date, plus a page number if relevant ( author-date ). Sometimes the publication date is omitted ( author-page ). Numerical citations: You include a number in ... Aug 24, 2023 · Many databases (e.g., Academic Search Premier, search on library homepage, and Google Scholar) offer the option of creating your references in common style. Look for this as you save, e-mail or print your references. Select the cite link in Libraries Search (the icon is a quotation mark). Turabian: A Manual for Writers. List of style guide abbreviations. v. t. e. The ACS Style is a set of standards for writing documents relating to chemistry, including a standard method of citation in academic publications, developed by the American Chemical Society (ACS). Previous editions of the ACS style manual are entitled ACS Style Guide ...current citation guidebook is ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, 3rd Edition, edited by Anne M. Coghill and Lorrin R. Garson. In-Text Citations ACS offers three approaches to cite sources in-text: Superscript, Italic Numbers in Parentheses, and Author-Date. When writing your paper, choose one of these in-textCitation analysis is the examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in documents. It uses the directed graph of citations — links from one document to another document — to reveal properties of the documents. A typical aim would be to identify the most important documents in a collection. For additional examples and explanations, see The ACS Style Guide or the 2nd edition print manual in Alden Library QD8.5 .A25 1997. Each citation consists of two parts: the in-text citation, which provides brief identifying information within the text, and the reference list, a list of sources that provides full bibliographic information.There are three ways you can cite in-text with ACS. Double-check with your professor or publisher to make sure you're using the correct one. Anytime you use information from someone else's work you need an in-text citation to attribute the idea to the author. The same is true for direct quotes. Author-date: Put the author (s) last name and the ...ACS Citation Style. The ACS Style Guide developed by the American Chemical Society is often used in research papers in chemistry and other physical sciences. The below short guide focuses on citing the most frequently used reference sources. For additional citation examples, please check this ACS Style Quick Guide.An ACS citation generator is an online tool that creates citations in the American Chemical Society (ACS) citation style. It does this automatically by taking in a key identifier for an article or document, such as a URL for websites, ISBN for books, or ISSN for journal articles. Then, it locates and formats the remaining details correctly ...Feb 1, 2023 · How to Cite ACS Style. Developed by the American Chemical Society, this style may be used for research papers in the field of chemistry. This guide describes basic examples for citing sources ACS style according to the 3rd edition of the ACS Style Guide. Each citation consists of two parts: the in-text citation, which provides brief identifying ... Sep 4, 2023 · About ACS Style. ACS Style uses a notational method of referencing when referring to a source of information within the text of a document. In its simplest form, a number in superscript format placed in the text of the essay, indicates the relevant reference: The superscript number appears outside the punctuation if the citation applies to a ... References to work presented at conferences and meetings must be treated on a case-by case basis. 1. Full citations of published abstracts and proceedings. The format resembles that of a book citation. Basic Format: Author 1; Author 2; Author 3; etc. Title of Presentation. In Title of Collected Work, ProceedingGenerally the ACS style includes. A superscript number in your document (starting at 1 and increasing through the document) A reference list for all numbered citations (at the end of the document) Referencing sources correctly is important to. Give credit to the person who came up with the original idea. Direct readers to the original source ...ACS style can differ considerably in their requirements so it is important to review a journal’s reference guidelines. Alternatively, discuss with your professor how references should be cited in text when submitting a work as an assignment. The EndNote citation management No registration and limitations of any kind, which means that you can cite as much as you wish. Automatic and manual ACS citation generator modes that let you avoid plagiarism. Cite your sources by entering ISBN, author’s name, journal’s DOI, or the URL. You can choose any citation type maker from a book in print to a webpage source. In ACS referencing, each citation consists of two parts. The first is in-text citations, which you can complete in one of three ways; superscript numbers, italic numbers in brackets or author name and year of publication in brackets (known as the author-date system). The second part is a full reference list at the end, which provides ...A guide to citing sources, including how to use the most commonly used citation styles (APA, MLA, and Chicago).The reference section of your paper should be in numerical order, so that "2" in the body of your paper corresponds to "2" in your reference list. If you use the author name and year format, the citations in your reference section should be alphabetized by authors' last names. Last Updated: Feb 4, 2021 2:29 PM.ACS In-Text Citation According to the 3rd edition of the guide, writers may pick one of the following 3 methods to create in-text citations, which can be either direct or indirect. In the former case, you should leave the quote exactly how it appears in the original source and cite the reference accordingly.References follow the text in a section headed REFERENCES (use first-level head format identified earlier). All references should be double-spaced and use a hanging indent. Use title case for all titles (capitalize all words except prepositions such as of, between, through ), articles (such as a, the , and an ), and conjunctions (such as but ... Use a clear font such as 12 pt. Times New Roman font. A Work by Two Authors. Name both authors in the signal phrase or in the parentheses EACH TIME you cite the work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in the parentheses. According to Wegener and Petty (1994), ...The ACS citation style is developed by the American Chemical Society and presents the guidelines to cite and format the publications and papers of chemistry. Like other citation styles, the ACS style is also different from other styles in terms of standards and guidelines. Following these guidelines, the writer could style his papers as per the ...ACS Style Quick Guide. Note to the Reader: This is an open access chapter published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the chapter or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. In all of the examples shown here, the source type is online unless noted otherwise.Feb 8, 2023 · How to cite sources in APA: citation examples. Citation formatting is an important component of any academic style. In APA format, references need to be acknowledged where they appear in the text (known as in-text citations) and listed on a distinct page known as the reference list page. Each citation consists of two parts: the in-text citation, which provides brief identifying information within the text, and the reference list, a list of sources that provides full bibliographic information.plan used, summarize the principal findings, and point out major conclusions. Do not cite references, tables, figures, or sections of the report. Do not include equations, schemes, or structures. Write the abstract last to be sure that it accurately reflects the content of the paper.” (The ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors, 2 ndClick here 👆 to get an answer to your question ️ in the acs reference format, what identifies an in-text citation? chem 1045 in the acs reference format, what identifies an in-text citation? chem 1045 - brainly.comACS Style Quick Guide. Note to the Reader: This is an open access chapter published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the chapter or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. In all of the examples shown here, the source type is online unless noted otherwise. APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). Feb 1, 2023 · How to Format In-Text Citations. Select one of the three methods below to cite in-text references: References in the text should be cited in one of three ways: by an italic number. or by superscript number. or by author name and date. References should be numbered sequentially. Mar 15, 2023 · ACS: Citation Guide. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information. Get call number of print edition. Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) In ACS citations, journal titles are abbreviated. Use CASSI to find the correct abbreviation for journal titles. Jul 20, 2006 · When using ACS, the in-text citations are commonly denoted with a superscript marker (raised number) at the end of the sentence or piece of information that is being pulled from the reference. Information. • References for electronic documents begin with the same information that would be provided for a printed source. • Additional information must be provided (depending on the type of electronic publication) to correctly identify that you accessed the document in an electronic format. • An electronic publication could be an ...When using ACS, the in-text citations are commonly denoted with a superscript marker (raised number) at the end of the sentence or piece of information that is being pulled from the reference.4.) Create your Biblography, Reference List or Works Cited page . Create either a Bibliography, Reference List or Works Cited list at the end of your essay or thesis. The usual arrangement is alphabetical by the last name of the first author listed in the citation. If there is no author, the first word of the title is used in the sequence.For additional examples and explanations, see The ACS Style Guide or the 2nd edition print manual in Alden Library QD8.5 .A25 1997. Each citation consists of two parts: the in-text citation, which provides brief identifying information within the text, and the reference list, a list of sources that provides full bibliographic information.ACS: Citation Guide. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information. Get call number of print edition. Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) In ACS citations, journal titles are abbreviated. Use CASSI to find the correct abbreviation for journal titles.Aug 4, 2023 · Further information regarding journal title abbreviations can be found in the ACS Style Guide, 3rd ed., pp. 291, 294-295. • The year of publication is given in bold. • Volume and page numbers are given but not bolded or labeled. • Volume numbers are italicised. • For journals in which each issue begins with page 1, include issue ... About ACS Style. ACS Style uses a notational method of referencing when referring to a source of information within the text of a document. In its simplest form, a number in superscript format placed in the text of the essay, indicates the relevant reference: The superscript number appears outside the punctuation if the citation applies to a ...Cite ACS Style. ACS guide according to The ACS Style Guide 3rd edition from the American Chemical Society. ... In-Text Citation; Formatting, Tips & Sample Papers;Feb 10, 2022 · Verified answer. You are experiencing issues when trying to transfer files between two computers using FTP. What could be the potential cause (s) of the issue. heart. Suppose we have developed an authentication application, and in a number 1000 independent test run, the authentication app can recognize the correct. How to cite in ACS style. 1. In-Text Citations. Use an in-text citation to acknowledge that you are quoting or paraphrasing another author's words, ideas or data in the text of your research paper. Choose one of the following methods for citing references in-text: Add a superscript number at the end of the text being citedACS indicates that in-text citations can be done in one of three ways: By superscript numbers: Oscillation in the reaction of benzaldehyde with oxygen was reported previously. 3. The methods used by Thompson 3 incorporate the unique properties of this element. By numbers in parentheses: Oscillation in the reaction of benzaldehyde with oxygen ...current citation guidebook is ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, 3rd Edition, edited by Anne M. Coghill and Lorrin R. Garson. In-Text Citations ACS offers three approaches to cite sources in-text: Superscript, Italic Numbers in Parentheses, and Author-Date. When writing your paper, choose one of these in-textJul 13, 2022 · In-Text References. There are three ways to cite references in text . Please consult with your professor on the preferred method. 1. By superscript numbers, which appear outside the punctuation if the citation applies to the whole sentence. Oscillation in the reaction of benzaldehyde with oxygen was reported previously. 1. Generally the ACS style includes. A superscript number in your document (starting at 1 and increasing through the document) A reference list for all numbered citations (at the end of the document) Referencing sources correctly is important to. Give credit to the person who came up with the original idea. Direct readers to the original source ...A reference list, displayed at the end of the article which provides full details of all references cited in the text. The references are ordered in alphabetical order if cited by author and date or in numerical order if cited by numbers. Some examples taken from The ACS style guide: effective communication of scientific information are given ...Jun 24, 2022 · There are three main approaches: Parenthetical citations: You include identifying details of the source in parentheses in the text—usually the author’s last name and the publication date, plus a page number if relevant ( author-date ). Sometimes the publication date is omitted ( author-page ). Numerical citations: You include a number in ... When using the ACS Referencing Style, you may cite references within the text of your document in one of three ways: By author name and year of publication in parentheses. .... shown by the evidence (Black, 1997). If there are two authors, join them with the word "and" e.g. (Smith and Green, 1996).Sep 1, 2023 · The complete, comprehensive guide shows you how easy citing any source can be. Referencing books, youtube videos, websites, articles, journals, podcasts, images, videos, or music in ACS Nano. Automate citations and referencing with our tool, Citationsy. It’s free to try and over 400 000 students and researchers already use it. Feb 1, 2023 · How to Format In-Text Citations. Select one of the three methods below to cite in-text references: References in the text should be cited in one of three ways: by an italic number. or by superscript number. or by author name and date. References should be numbered sequentially. Journal Title Abbreviations. The CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool is an online resource that quickly identifies or confirms journal titles and abbreviatiosn for publications indexed by CAS since 1907. Locate the bibliographic details you need quickly and easily. Search by Title, Abbreviation, CODEN, ISBN, or ISSN.The reference section of your paper should be in numerical order, so that "2" in the body of your paper corresponds to "2" in your reference list. If you use the author name and year format, the citations in your reference section should be alphabetized by authors' last names. Last Updated: Feb 4, 2021 2:29 PM.This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: I have inputed two answers and it remains one. I just need to know the definition of the question above. it can't be {-8t^2-32}/ {t+2} or (-8t^2- (-8 (-2^2))/ (t+2) I have inputed two answers and it remains one.Here are 5 reasons why you are going to love the BibGuru ACS citation maker: 🚀 Fast. 😌 No flood of distracting ads. 👌 Simple and intuitive interface. 🎓 ACS, APA, MLA, Chicago and thousands of other citation styles. 🥇 Most accurate citation data. With BibGuru we have made a citation tool that truly helps students to focus on the ... APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020). When using ACS, the in-text citations are commonly denoted with a superscript marker (raised number) at the end of the sentence or piece of information that is being pulled from the reference.To use the works cited generator, simply: Select from APA, MLA, Chicago, ASA, IEEE and AMA * styles. Choose the type of source you would like to cite (e.g. website, book, journal, video). Enter the URL, DOI, ISBN, title, or other unique source information into the citation generator to find your source. Click the ‘Cite’ button on the ... plan used, summarize the principal findings, and point out major conclusions. Do not cite references, tables, figures, or sections of the report. Do not include equations, schemes, or structures. Write the abstract last to be sure that it accurately reflects the content of the paper.” (The ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors, 2 nd Journal Title Abbreviations. The CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool is an online resource that quickly identifies or confirms journal titles and abbreviatiosn for publications indexed by CAS since 1907. Locate the bibliographic details you need quickly and easily. Search by Title, Abbreviation, CODEN, ISBN, or ISSN.The ACS Style Guide is generally used for academic writing in chemistry. This guide provides basic explanations and examples for the most common types of citations used by students. For additional information and examples, refer to Chapter 14 of the ACS Style Guide. CITING REFERENCES IN TEXT ACS suggests citing references in text in three ways:Each citation consists of two parts: the in-text citation, which provides brief identifying information within the text, and the reference list, a list of sources that provides full bibliographic information. This online guide is based on the ACS Style Guide, 3rd Edition published in 2006.current citation guidebook is ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, 3rd Edition, edited by Anne M. Coghill and Lorrin R. Garson. In-Text Citations ACS offers three approaches to cite sources in-text: Superscript, Italic Numbers in Parentheses, and Author-Date. When writing your paper, choose one of these in-text The complete, comprehensive guide shows you how easy citing any source can be. Referencing books, youtube videos, websites, articles, journals, podcasts, images, videos, or music in ACS Nano. Automate citations and referencing with our tool, Citationsy. It’s free to try and over 400 000 students and researchers already use it.• formatting manuscript references to electronic resources and informa-tion on reference-management software; and • markup languages, in anticipation of the classification and capture of sci-entific information in yet-to-be-defined structures. The chapters on peer review, copyright, the editorial process, and writingFull references for each source are listed at the end of the paper. ACS style resources. 🌐 Official ACS style guidelines. 🗂 ACS style guide. 📝 ACS citation generator. ACS style examples. Here is an example of an in-text citation in ACS numeric style: The source contradicted the hypothesis ¹. Here is a reference list entry in ACS ...APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).Dec 26, 2022 · If you used author-date in-text citations, order references in alphabetical order by last name of the first author. Referencing Different Sources in ACS Style Academic Books. Print Book Citation Format. Author 1; Author 2; etc. Title of Book, Edition Number; Series Information If Applicable; Publisher, Year. Online Book Citation Format Feb 10, 2022 · Verified answer. You are experiencing issues when trying to transfer files between two computers using FTP. What could be the potential cause (s) of the issue. heart. Suppose we have developed an authentication application, and in a number 1000 independent test run, the authentication app can recognize the correct. A guide to citing sources, including how to use the most commonly used citation styles (APA, MLA, and Chicago).and organized into a reference list at the end of the paper. ACS-styled citations consist of two parts: the in-text citation, which provides brief identifying information within the text, and the reference list, a list of sources that provide full bibliographic information. CITING REFERENCES IN THE BODY Every reference to another work should beThe reference section of your paper should be in numerical order, so that "2" in the body of your paper corresponds to "2" in your reference list. If you use the author name and year format, the citations in your reference section should be alphabetized by authors' last names. Last Updated: Feb 4, 2021 2:29 PM.Generally the ACS style includes. A superscript number in your document (starting at 1 and increasing through the document) A reference list for all numbered citations (at the end of the document) Referencing sources correctly is important to. Give credit to the person who came up with the original idea. Direct readers to the original source ...Full references for each source are listed at the end of the paper. ACS style resources. 🌐 Official ACS style guidelines. 🗂 ACS style guide. 📝 ACS citation generator. ACS style examples. Here is an example of an in-text citation in ACS numeric style: The source contradicted the hypothesis ¹. Here is a reference list entry in ACS ...There are three main approaches: Parenthetical citations: You include identifying details of the source in parentheses in the text—usually the author’s last name and the publication date, plus a page number if relevant ( author-date ). Sometimes the publication date is omitted ( author-page ). Numerical citations: You include a number in ...
Generally the ACS style includes. A superscript number in your document (starting at 1 and increasing through the document) A reference list for all numbered citations (at the end of the document) Referencing sources correctly is important to. Give credit to the person who came up with the original idea. Direct readers to the original source .... Tssttvfddaf 026
ACS Style Guide -- Quick guide from the Williams College Libraries. The ACS Style Guide, 3rd edition: References (ch. 14) -- An in-depth guide to ACS citation from the American Chemical Society. Includes journal abbreviations. To check journal abbreviations, use CASSI (Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index)How to cite sources in APA: citation examples. Citation formatting is an important component of any academic style. In APA format, references need to be acknowledged where they appear in the text (known as in-text citations) and listed on a distinct page known as the reference list page.There are three ways you can cite in-text with ACS. Double-check with your professor or publisher to make sure you're using the correct one. Anytime you use information from someone else's work you need an in-text citation to attribute the idea to the author. The same is true for direct quotes. Author-date: Put the author (s) last name and the ...Cite ACS Style. ACS guide according to The ACS Style Guide 3rd edition from the American Chemical Society. ... In-Text Citation; Formatting, Tips & Sample Papers;Jun 14, 2023 · How to cite in ACS style. 1. In-Text Citations. Use an in-text citation to acknowledge that you are quoting or paraphrasing another author's words, ideas or data in the text of your research paper. Choose one of the following methods for citing references in-text: Add a superscript number at the end of the text being cited References appear at the end of the paper in a list and provide the information necessary for the reader to identify and retrieve each work cited in the text. For more information, consult Section 4.3.3 (ACS Style Quick Guide), Section 4.3.4 (Citation Elements), and Section 4.3.5 (Reference Formatting & Examples by Source Types) of the ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication.Check your ACS citations for these details: Include all author names in a reference citation. With multiple authors, separate the names from one another by semicolons. Always end the author field with a period. List the names in inverted form: surname first,then first initial, middle initial, and qualifiers (Jr., II).Citing Chemistry. There are a number of different styles or formats for citations, including MLA, APA and Turabian. Which style you use depends upon the subject discipline you are working in. For Chemistry you may use the ACS Style Guide. If you are uncertain about which style to use, ask your professor.Aug 31, 2023 · References (endnotes) are placed in numerical order at the end of your essay. They include the authors' names, details of the works cited, and relevant page numbers. For a numbered edition, place the abbreviation after the book title, e.g., ‘2nd ed.’. This part should not be italicised. When using the ACS Referencing Style, you may cite references within the text of your document in one of three ways: By author name and year of publication in parentheses. .... shown by the evidence (Black, 1997). If there are two authors, join them with the word "and" e.g. (Smith and Green, 1996).Each citation consists of two parts: the in-text citation, which provides brief identifying information within the text, and the reference list, a list of sources that provides full bibliographic information.Check your ACS citations for these details: Include all author names in a reference citation. With multiple authors, separate the names from one another by semicolons. Always end the author field with a period. List the names in inverted form: surname first,then first initial, middle initial, and qualifiers (Jr., II)..